背景

平时开发直接pip install 命令即可安装所需的python第三方库,但是部署项目到生产环境时,可能服务器并不能 访问外网,pip install没办法使用,只能将第三方包打包,离线安装,这就涉及到要打包的第三方库及其所依赖的库.

方法1

pip show 库名称

例如查看pandas库及其依赖:

D:\Program\Project\streamlit>pip show pandas
Name: pandas
Version: 1.2.4
Summary: Powerful data structures for data analysis, time series, and statistics
Home-page: https://pandas.pydata.org
Author: None
Author-email: None
License: BSD
Location: d:\program\anaconda3\lib\site-packages
Requires: python-dateutil, numpy, pytz
Required-by: tabula-py, streamlit, statsmodels, seaborn, altair

可以看到pandas库依赖python-dateutil、numpy、pytz这三个库，也就是要使用pandas必须先安装这三个库.但是可能这三个库也存在依赖库，所以这种方式并不能全部显示所有依赖。

方法2

使用pipdeptree

首先安装pipdeptree库:

pip install pipdeptree

然后使用命令：pipdeptree -p 库名

还以pandas为例:

D:\Program\Project\streamlit>pipdeptree -p pandas
Warning!!! Possibly conflicting dependencies found:
* -yspark==3.2.0- py4j [required: ==0.10.9.2, installed: 0.10.9]
* anaconda-project==0.9.1- ruamel-yaml [required: Any, installed: ?]
* autopep8==1.5.6- pycodestyle [required: >=2.7.0, installed: 2.6.0]
* conda-repo-cli==1.0.4- pathlib [required: Any, installed: ?]
* flake8==3.9.0- pycodestyle [required: >=2.7.0,<2.8.0, installed: 2.6.0]- pyflakes [required: >=2.3.0,<2.4.0, installed: 2.2.0]
* pylint==2.7.4- astroid [required: >=2.5.2,<2.7, installed: 2.5]
* QDarkStyle==2.8.1- helpdev [required: >=0.6.10, installed: ?]
* spyder==4.2.5- pyqtwebengine [required: <5.13, installed: ?]- pyqt5 [required: <5.13, installed: ?]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
pandas==1.2.4- numpy [required: >=1.16.5, installed: 1.20.1]- python-dateutil [required: >=2.7.3, installed: 2.8.1]- six [required: >=1.5, installed: 1.15.0]- pytz [required: >=2017.3, installed: 2021.1]

可以看到pandas依赖三个库，其中ython-dateutil库还依赖six库，可以详细查看到依赖结构，推荐使用该方式。