编译安装GCC

记录一下，免得每次到处找。安装GCC12.2.0，其他版本一样

源码下载地址：https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/

备注：配置若有不明白的，多用 ./configure --help 查看

1 依赖安装

依赖可以在gcc源码目录下的contrib/download_prerequisites文件中可以找到（head -40 contrib/download_prerequisites）

1.0 gcc

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ m4

1.1 gmp

下载地址：ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/gmp-6.2.1.tar.bz2

tar -jxf gmp-6.2.1.tar.bz2
cd gmp-6.2.1
./configure --prefix=/opt/local/gmp-6.2.1
make -j8
make install

1.2 isl

下载地址：ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/isl-0.24.tar.bz2

tar -jxf isl-0.24.tar.bz2
cd isl-0.24
./configure --help
./configure --prefix=/opt/local/isl-0.24 --with-gmp-prefix=/opt/local/gmp-6.2.1
make -j8
make install

1.3 mpfr

下载地址：ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/mpfr-4.1.0.tar.bz2

tar -jxf mpfr-4.1.0.tar.bz2
cd mpfr-4.1.0
./configure --prefix=/opt/local/mpfr-4.1.0 --with-gmp=/opt/local/gmp-6.2.1
make -j8
make install

1.4 mpc

下载地址：ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/mpc-1.2.1.tar.gz

tar -zxf mpc-1.2.1.tar.gz
cd mpc-1.2.1
./configure --prefix=/opt/local/mpc-1.2.1 --with-gmp=/opt/local/gmp-6.2.1 --with-mpfr=/opt/local/mpfr-4.1.0
make -j8
make install

2 编译安装GCC

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/local/gmp-6.2.1/lib:/opt/local/mpfr-4.1.0/lib:/opt/local/mpc-1.2.1/lib:/opt/local/isl-0.24/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
tar -xf gcc-12.2.0.tar.xz
cd gcc-12.2.0
./configure --prefix=/opt/local/gcc-12.2.0 --with-gmp=/opt/local/gmp-6.2.1 --with-mpfr=/opt/local/mpfr-4.1.0 --with-mpc=/opt/local/mpc-1.2.1 --with-isl=/opt/local/isl-0.24 --disable-multilib
make -j8
make install

3 使用

安装后有提示：

If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
specify the full pathname of the library, or use the '-LLIBDIR'
flag during linking and do at least one of the following:- add LIBDIR to the 'LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variableduring execution- add LIBDIR to the 'LD_RUN_PATH' environment variableduring linking- use the '-Wl,-rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag- have your system administrator add LIBDIR to '/etc/ld.so.conf'

可以选择加入环境变量

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/local/gmp-6.2.1/lib:/opt/local/mpfr-4.1.0/lib:/opt/local/mpc-1.2.1/lib:/opt/local/isl-0.24/lib:/opt/local/gcc-12.2.0/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH=/opt/local/gcc-12.2.0/bin:$PATH

4 其他

• make -j8 其中j选项是指定并行度，因为我这台电脑8核，所以-j8。
• gcc的--disable-multilib，multilib貌似是指支持32位和64位，因为系统只有64位，因此disable（如不加该选项，configure时会有提示）
• 其他观察：原系统gcc是4.4.7版本的，编译的时候貌似会有三轮：一是使用系统自带gcc编译一个预生成版本；二是使用预生成版本再来重新编译成最终版；三是使用最终版再编译部分模块。以上只是观察到的现象及猜测，未深究。