Oracle Dataguard（主库为 Oracle rac 集群）配置教程（03）—— 创建 dataguard 数据库之前的准备工作

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本专栏详细讲解 Oracle Dataguard（Oracle 版本为11g，主库为双节点 Oracle rac 集群）的配置过程。主要内容包括：
（1）dataguard 服务器 Oracle 软件的安装。
（2）Oracle RAC 主库与 Dataguard 服务器的配置。
（3）主从同步测试。
（4）主备库切换。
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目录

• Oracle Dataguard（主库为 Oracle rac 集群）配置教程（03）—— 创建 dataguard 数据库之前的准备工作
• • 一、从 Oracle RAC 主库复制所需的文件到 Dataguard 服务器
  • • • 1、切换到 Oracle RAC 主库的节点1，复制文件到 Dataguard 服务器
      • 2、在 dataguard 服务器查看文件
  • 二、在 dataguard 服务器创建口令文件
  • 三、修改物理备库的初始化参数文件
  • • • 1、把备份的初始化参数文件复制到 \$ORACLE_HOME/dbs 目录下
      • 2、查看参数文件的内容
      • 3、修改参数文件，修改之后的内容如下
      • 4、创建参数文件所需要的目录
  • 四、配置 Oracle RAC 主库的两个节点以及 dataguard 服务器的 tnsnames.ora 文件
  • • • 1、配置 Oracle RAC 集群节点1的 tnsnames.ora 文件
      • 2、配置 Oracle RAC 集群节点2的 tnsnames.ora 文件
      • 3、配置 dataguard 服务器的 tnsnames.ora 文件
      • 4、连接测试

一、从 Oracle RAC 主库复制所需的文件到 Dataguard 服务器

把 Oracle RAC 主库的备份文件、备库控制文件、备库参数文件复制至dataguard 服务器。

1、切换到 Oracle RAC 主库的节点1，复制文件到 Dataguard 服务器

# 查看文件
[oracle@rac1 rman_backup]$ ll
total 1097744
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin   2332160 Feb 10 16:30 ARC_0a1k5bh5_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin   1490432 Feb 10 16:30 ARC_0b1k5bh6_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 665313280 Feb 10 16:27 Full_051k5ba1_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 409878528 Feb 10 16:28 Full_061k5ba2_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin   6725632 Feb 10 16:29 Full_071k5ba2_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin  18546688 Feb 10 16:29 Full_081k5bab_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin     98304 Feb 10 16:29 Full_091k5beb_1_1.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle asmadmin      1392 Feb 10 16:40 inithisdg.ora
drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall     16384 Feb 10 16:02 lost+found
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin  18546688 Feb 10 16:36 standby_0c1k5bse_1_1.ctl[oracle@rac1 rman_backup]$ scp ARC* 192.168.1.151:/rman_backup/
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.151 (192.168.1.151)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 99:44:64:04:3b:1b:0b:94:78:cf:ef:c8:db:42:ca:0c.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.151' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
oracle@192.168.1.151's password: 
ARC_0a1k5bh5_1_1.bak                                                                          100% 2278KB   2.2MB/s   00:00    
ARC_0b1k5bh6_1_1.bak                                                                          100% 1456KB   1.4MB/s   00:00    
[oracle@rac1 rman_backup]$ 
[oracle@rac1 rman_backup]$ scp Full* 192.168.1.151:/rman_backup/
oracle@192.168.1.151's password: 
Full_051k5ba1_1_1.bak                                                                         100%  634MB  28.8MB/s   00:22    
Full_061k5ba2_1_1.bak                                                                         100%  391MB  35.5MB/s   00:11    
Full_071k5ba2_1_1.bak                                                                         100% 6568KB   6.4MB/s   00:00    
Full_081k5bab_1_1.bak                                                                         100%   18MB  17.7MB/s   00:00    
Full_091k5beb_1_1.bak                                                                         100%   96KB  96.0KB/s   00:01    
[oracle@rac1 rman_backup]$ 
[oracle@rac1 rman_backup]$ scp init* 192.168.1.151:/rman_backup/
oracle@192.168.1.151's password: 
inithisdg.ora                                                                                 100% 1392     1.4KB/s   00:00    
[oracle@rac1 rman_backup]$ scp stand* 192.168.1.151:/rman_backup/
oracle@192.168.1.151's password: 
standby_0c1k5bse_1_1.ctl                                                                      100%   18MB  17.7MB/s   00:01 

2、在 dataguard 服务器查看文件

[root@hisdg ~]# cd /rman_backup/
[root@hisdg rman_backup]# ll
总用量 1097744
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall   2332160 2月  10 16:56 ARC_0a1k5bh5_1_1.bak
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall   1490432 2月  10 16:56 ARC_0b1k5bh6_1_1.bak
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 665313280 2月  10 16:57 Full_051k5ba1_1_1.bak
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 409878528 2月  10 16:57 Full_061k5ba2_1_1.bak
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall   6725632 2月  10 16:57 Full_071k5ba2_1_1.bak
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  18546688 2月  10 16:57 Full_081k5bab_1_1.bak
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall     98304 2月  10 16:57 Full_091k5beb_1_1.bak
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall      1392 2月  10 16:57 inithisdg.ora
drwx------. 2 oracle oinstall     16384 2月  10 16:12 lost+found
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  18546688 2月  10 16:57 standby_0c1k5bse_1_1.ctl

二、在 dataguard 服务器创建口令文件

在 Oracle RAC 主库节点1执行以下操作：

[oracle@rac1 rman_backup]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ ll
total 18084
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle asmadmin     1544 Feb 10 08:27 hc_false1.dat
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle asmadmin     1544 Feb 10 16:04 hc_hisdb1.dat
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall       37 Feb 10 08:59 inithisdb1.ora
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     2851 May 15  2009 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall     1536 Feb 10 16:42 orapwhisdb1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 18497536 Feb 10 16:36 snapcf_hisdb1.f[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ scp orapwhisdb1 192.168.1.151:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwhisdg
oracle@192.168.1.151's password: 
orapwhisdb1                                                                                   100% 1536     1.5KB/s   00:00

在 dataguard 服务器上查看口令文件信息：

[oracle@hisdg dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
[oracle@hisdg dbs]$ ll
总用量 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 2851 5月  15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1536 2月  10 17:05 orapwhisdg

三、修改物理备库的初始化参数文件

1、把备份的初始化参数文件复制到 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs 目录下

[oracle@hisdg dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
[oracle@hisdg dbs]$ ll
总用量 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 2851 5月  15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1536 2月  10 17:05 orapwhisdg
[oracle@hisdg dbs]$ cp /rman_backup/inithisdg.ora ./
[oracle@hisdg dbs]$ ll
总用量 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1392 2月  11 00:39 inithisdg.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 2851 5月  15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1536 2月  10 17:05 orapwhisdg

2、查看参数文件的内容

[oracle@hisdg dbs]$ cat inithisdg.ora 
hisdb1.__db_cache_size=385875968
hisdb2.__db_cache_size=385875968
hisdb1.__java_pool_size=4194304
hisdb2.__java_pool_size=4194304
hisdb1.__large_pool_size=8388608
hisdb2.__large_pool_size=8388608
hisdb1.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
hisdb1.__pga_aggregate_target=209715200
hisdb2.__pga_aggregate_target=209715200
hisdb1.__sga_target=629145600
hisdb2.__sga_target=629145600
hisdb1.__shared_io_pool_size=0
hisdb2.__shared_io_pool_size=0
hisdb1.__shared_pool_size=222298112
hisdb2.__shared_pool_size=222298112
hisdb1.__streams_pool_size=0
hisdb2.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/hisdb/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.cluster_database=true
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='+DATA/hisdb/controlfile/current.265.1128415467','+BAK/hisdb/controlfile/current.256.1128415469'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='hisdb'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+BAK'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4621074432
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=hisdbXDB)'
hisdb1.instance_number=1
hisdb2.instance_number=2
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=209715200
*.processes=150
*.remote_listener='rac-scan:1521'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'

3、修改参数文件，修改之后的内容如下

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/hisdg/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.cluster_database=false
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oradata/control01.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oradata/'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='hisdb'
*.db_unique_name='hisdg'
*.db_file_name_convert=('+DATA/hisdb/datafile/','/u01/app/oradata/datafile/')
*.db_file_name_convert=('+DATA/hisdb/tempfile/','/u01/app/oradata/tempfile/')
*.log_file_name_convert=('+DATA/hisdb/onlinelog/','/u01/app/oradata/onlinelog/')
*.log_file_name_convert=('+BAK/hisdb/onlinelog/','/u01/app/oraInventory/onlinelog/')
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oraInventory/'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4621074432
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=hisdgXDB)'
*.log_archive_format='ARC_%t_%S_%r.arc'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=209715200
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.sga_target=629145600
*.thread=1
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

4、创建参数文件所需要的目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/hisdg/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oradata/datafile
mkdir -p /u01/app/oradata/tempfile
mkdir -p /u01/app/oradata/onlinelog
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory/onlinelog[oracle@hisdg dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/hisdg/adump
[oracle@hisdg dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oradata/datafile
[oracle@hisdg dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oradata/tempfile
[oracle@hisdg dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oradata/onlinelog
[oracle@hisdg dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory/onlinelog

四、配置 Oracle RAC 主库的两个节点以及 dataguard 服务器的 tnsnames.ora 文件

1、配置 Oracle RAC 集群节点1的 tnsnames.ora 文件

[oracle@rac1 admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin
[oracle@rac1 admin]$ ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall  64 Feb 10 00:45 samples
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 381 Dec 17  2012 shrept.lst
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 325 Feb 10 08:54 tnsnames.ora[oracle@rac1 admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.HISDB =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac-scan)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = hisdb)))HISDB1 =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.101)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = hisdb)(INSTANCE_NAME = hisdb1)))
HISDB2 =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.102)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = hisdb)(INSTANCE_NAME = hisdb2)))HISTDBDG =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.151)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = histdg)))

2、配置 Oracle RAC 集群节点2的 tnsnames.ora 文件

[oracle@rac2 admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin
[oracle@rac2 admin]$ ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall  64 Feb 10 01:04 samples
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 381 Feb 10 01:04 shrept.lst
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 325 Feb 10 08:54 tnsnames.ora[oracle@rac2 admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.HISDB =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac-scan)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = hisdb)))HISDB1 =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.101)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = hisdb)(INSTANCE_NAME = hisdb1)))
HISDB2 =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.102)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = hisdb)(INSTANCE_NAME = hisdb2)))HISTDBDG =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.151)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = histdg)))

3、配置 dataguard 服务器的 tnsnames.ora 文件

[oracle@hisdg admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin
[oracle@hisdg admin]$ ll
总用量 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 366 2月  10 14:48 listener.ora
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall  64 2月  10 14:22 samples
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 381 12月 17 2012 shrept.lst
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 219 2月  10 14:48 sqlnet.ora[oracle@hisdg admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora HISDB =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.201)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = hisdb)))HISDB1 =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.101)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = hisdb)(INSTANCE_NAME = hisdb1)))HISDB2 =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.102)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = hisdb)(INSTANCE_NAME = hisdb2)))HISTDBDG =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.151)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = histdg)))

4、连接测试

-- Oracle RAC 主库的节点1SQL> conn sys/oracle@hisdb as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> conn sys/oracle@hisdb1 as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> conn sys/oracle@hisdb2 as sysdba
Connected.
-- dataguard 没有数据库，因此无法连接
SQL> conn sys/oracle@hisdg as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specifiedWarning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.-- Oracle RAC 主库的节点2
SQL> conn sys/oracle@hisdb as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> conn sys/oracle@hisdb1 as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> conn sys/oracle@hisdb2 as sysdba
Connected.
-- dataguard 没有数据库，因此无法连接
SQL> conn sys/oracle@hisdg as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specifiedWarning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.-- dataguard 服务器
SQL> conn sys/oracle@hisdb as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> conn sys/oracle@hisdb1 as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> conn sys/oracle@hisdb2 as sysdba
Connected.
-- dataguard 没有数据库，因此无法连接
SQL> conn sys/oracle@hisdg as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12541: TNS:no listenerWarning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.