std::istream

typedef basic_istream istream;

输入流对象可以读取和解释来自字符序列的输入。 提供了特定的成员来执行这些输入操作（参见下面的函数）。

标准对象 cin 就是这种类型的对象。

std::istream::getline

istream& getline (char* s, streamsize n );
istream& getline (char* s, streamsize n, char delim );

从流中提取字符作为未格式化的输入，并将它们作为 c 字符串存储到 s 中，直到提取的字符是定界字符，或者 n 个字符已写入 s（包括终止的空字符）。

// istream::getline example
#include      // std::cin, std::coutint main () {char name[256], title[256];std::cout << "Please, enter your name: ";std::cin.getline (name,256);std::cout << "Please, enter your favourite movie: ";std::cin.getline (title,256);std::cout << name << "'s favourite movie is " << title;return 0;
}

Please, enter your name: sjn
Please, enter your favourite movie: op
sjn's favourite movie is op

此示例说明如何从标准输入流 (cin) 中获取行

std::ostream

typedef basic_ostream ostream;

输出流对象可以写入字符序列并表示其他类型的数据。 提供了特定的成员来执行这些输出操作（参见下面的函数）。

标准对象 cout、cerr 和 clog 就是这种类型的对象。

std::ostream::operator<<

arithmetic types (1)	
ostream& operator<< (bool val);
ostream& operator<< (short val);
ostream& operator<< (unsigned short val);
ostream& operator<< (int val);
ostream& operator<< (unsigned int val);
ostream& operator<< (long val);
ostream& operator<< (unsigned long val);
ostream& operator<< (float val);
ostream& operator<< (double val);
ostream& operator<< (long double val);
ostream& operator<< (void* val);
stream buffers (2)	
ostream& operator<< (streambuf* sb );
manipulators (3)	
ostream& operator<< (ostream& (*pf)(ostream&));
ostream& operator<< (ios& (*pf)(ios&));
ostream& operator<< (ios_base& (*pf)(ios_base&));

// example on insertion
#include      // std::cout, std::right, std::endl
#include       // std::setwint main() {int val = 65;std::cout << std::right;       // right-adjusted (manipulator)std::cout << std::setw(10);    // set width (extended manipulator)std::cout << val << std::endl; // multiple insertionsreturn 0;
}

输出

        65

C++读取txt文件

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include using namespace std;void txt_to_vectordouble(vector& res, string pathname)
{ifstream infile;infile.open(pathname.data());   //将文件流对象与文件连接起来 assert(infile.is_open());       //若失败,则输出错误消息,并终止程序运行 string s;while (getline(infile, s)) {istringstream is(s);        //将读出的一行转成数据流进行操作double d;while (!is.eof()) {is >> d;res.push_back(d);}s.clear();}infile.close();                 //关闭文件输入流 
}int main()
{vector data;txt_to_vectordouble(data, "./1.txt");for (auto a : data) {cout << a << endl;}return 0;
}