记录：348

场景：在CentOS 7.9操作系统上，使用mount命令挂载镜像到指定目录、挂载磁盘到指定目录；使用umount命令卸载已挂载到指定目录的磁盘或者镜像。

版本：

操作系统：CentOS 7.9

1.mount命令应用

(1)把iso镜像挂载到指定目录

命令：mount -o loop /home/apps/software/CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-2009.iso /mnt/local_iso/

解析：把CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-2009.iso镜像挂载到指定的/mnt/local_iso/目录；loop是挂载loop设备类型。

(2)把磁盘挂载到指定目录

命令：mount /dev/sdb  /mnt/data

解析：/dev/sdb是磁盘在系统中的设备路径，系统新加的一个磁盘，需要创建文件系统和挂载到指定目录后，才能使用其存储空间。

(3)把磁盘分区挂载到指定目录

场景：磁盘/dev/sdb划分了两个分区，/dev/sdb1和/dev/sdb2，挂载时候，就直接使用分区挂载。

挂载磁盘分区1到目录：mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/hz_data01

挂载磁盘分区2到目录：mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/hz_data02

解析：/dev/sdb是磁盘在系统中的设备路径，/dev/sdb1和/dev/sdb2是磁盘在系统中两个分区的路径。

2.umount命令应用

(1)卸载已挂载到目录的iso镜像

卸载命令：umount /mnt/local_iso/

解析：卸载后，需要使用，必须重新挂载。

(2)卸载已挂载到目录的磁盘

卸载目录已挂载的磁盘：umount /dev/sdb

解析：执行umount后，目录就不可用了，也就无法使用磁盘空间了，如需使用，需重新挂载。

(3)卸载已挂载到目录的磁盘分区

卸载目录已挂载的磁盘分区sdb1：umount /dev/sdb1

卸载目录已挂载的磁盘分区sdb2：umount /dev/sdb2

解析：执行umount后，目录就不可用了，也就无法使用磁盘空间了，如需使用，需重新挂载。

3.命令帮助手册

(1)mount命令帮助手册

命令：mount --help

解析：查看mount支持的全部命令和选项，在实际工作中，查看这个手册应该是必备之选。

Usage:mount [-lhV]mount -a [options]mount [options] [--source]  | [--target] mount [options]  mount   []Options:-a, --all               mount all filesystems mentioned in fstab-c, --no-canonicalize   don't canonicalize paths-f, --fake              dry run; skip the mount(2) syscall-F, --fork              fork off for each device (use with -a)-T, --fstab       alternative file to /etc/fstab-h, --help              display this help text and exit-i, --internal-only     don't call the mount. helpers-l, --show-labels       lists all mounts with LABELs-n, --no-mtab           don't write to /etc/mtab-o, --options     comma-separated list of mount options-O, --test-opts   limit the set of filesystems (use with -a)-r, --read-only         mount the filesystem read-only (same as -o ro)-t, --types       limit the set of filesystem types--source       explicitly specifies source (path, label, uuid)--target    explicitly specifies mountpoint-v, --verbose           say what is being done-V, --version           display version information and exit-w, --rw, --read-write  mount the filesystem read-write (default)-h, --help     display this help and exit-V, --version  output version information and exitSource:-L, --label      synonym for LABEL=-U, --uuid        synonym for UUID=LABEL=           specifies device by filesystem labelUUID=             specifies device by filesystem UUIDPARTLABEL=       specifies device by partition labelPARTUUID=         specifies device by partition UUID                specifies device by path             mountpoint for bind mounts (see --bind/rbind)                  regular file for loopdev setupOperations:-B, --bind              mount a subtree somewhere else (same as -o bind)-M, --move              move a subtree to some other place-R, --rbind             mount a subtree and all submounts somewhere else--make-shared           mark a subtree as shared--make-slave            mark a subtree as slave--make-private          mark a subtree as private--make-unbindable       mark a subtree as unbindable--make-rshared          recursively mark a whole subtree as shared--make-rslave           recursively mark a whole subtree as slave--make-rprivate         recursively mark a whole subtree as private--make-runbindable      recursively mark a whole subtree as unbindableFor more details see mount(8).
[root@hadoop200 ~]# 

(2)umount命令帮助手册

命令：umount --help

解析：查看umount支持的全部命令和选项，在实际工作中，查看这个手册应该是必备之选。

Usage:umount [-hV]umount -a [options]umount [options]  | Options:-a, --all               unmount all filesystems-A, --all-targets       unmount all mountpoins for the given devicein the current namespace-c, --no-canonicalize   don't canonicalize paths-d, --detach-loop       if mounted loop device, also free this loop device--fake              dry run; skip the umount(2) syscall-f, --force             force unmount (in case of an unreachable NFS system)-i, --internal-only     don't call the umount. helpers-n, --no-mtab           don't write to /etc/mtab-l, --lazy              detach the filesystem now, and cleanup all later-O, --test-opts   limit the set of filesystems (use with -a)-R, --recursive         recursively unmount a target with all its children-r, --read-only         In case unmounting fails, try to remount read-only-t, --types       limit the set of filesystem types-v, --verbose           say what is being done-h, --help     display this help and exit-V, --version  output version information and exitFor more details see umount(8).

以上，感谢。

2022年11月28日