小学生python游戏编程arcade----精灵调用图片的两种类

• • 前言
  • 精灵调用图片的两种类
  • • 1、第一种类的定义
    • • 1.1 以文件名及缩放比例做初始参数
      • 1.2 利用变换图片的颜色更换角色的使用
      • 1.3 代码分析
• 转换文件来不及调用，时间问题？？？？？？
• • • 2、第二种方法，通过sprite的texture直接赋值
    • • 2.1精灵的两种加载图片方式
      • 2.2 两种方式，上述类是一种以文件形赋值的 # 添加角色.
      • 2.3 修改类
      • 2.4 调用第二种类的代码实现
  • 源码获取

前言

接上篇文章继续解绍arcade游戏编程的基本知识。精灵调用图片纹理的两种类的实现，一种直接引用图片文件，一种利用arcade.load_texture的过度，直接给精灵赋值。如上次写的，游戏升级时，通过程序换精灵的颜色，用后种方法定义的类较好。

精灵调用图片的两种类

1、第一种类的定义

1.1 以文件名及缩放比例做初始参数

class Enemy_tank(arcade.Sprite):def __init__(self, filename, scale, x, y, speed_to_player=0.2):super().__init__(filename, scale)self.center_x = xself.center_y = yself.word = 'book'self.hz = '书'self.life = 1  # 生命条数，即挨几颗子弹消失self.speed_to_player = speed_to_player  # 面向角色移动的速度def draw_word(self, x, y, fcolor=arcade.csscolor.WHITE_SMOKE, fsize=18, text=None):xs=fsizeif text:arcade.draw_rectangle_filled(x+len(self.word)*xs//2-10,y+5,len(text)*xs,30,(128,138,135))arcade.draw_text(text, x, y, fcolor, fsize)else:arcade.draw_rectangle_filled(x+len(self.word)*xs//2-10,y+5,len(self.word)*xs, 30,(128,138,135))arcade.draw_text(self.word, x, y, fcolor, fsize)def update(self):super().update()if self.speed_to_player:# 敌人向角色移动变量self.change_x = math.cos(self.angle) * 0.2self.change_y = math.sin(self.angle) * 0.2

1.2 利用变换图片的颜色更换角色的使用

    def setup_enemy(self):# passself.scene.add_sprite_list_after(LAYER_tanks, 'wj')if len(self.word_keys) == 0:if self.danyuan==len(self.gk[self.year]):self.level += 1self.year =self.years[self.level]else:self.danyuan += 1self.setup_word(self.danyuan, self.year)if len(self.word_keys) > 0:self.key = self.word_dict[self.word_keys[0]]  # 朋友# print('key',self.key)xsword = {}xsword[self.word_keys[0]] = self.word_dict[self.word_keys[0]]# 随机取3sankey = random.sample(self.word_dict.keys(), 3)if self.word_keys[0] in sankey:sankey.remove(self.word_keys[0])# 增加两个敌人xsword[sankey[0]] = self.word_dict[sankey[0]]xsword[sankey[1]] = self.word_dict[sankey[1]]# 增加随机坦克posx=[]random_x= random.random()*SCREEN_width/3for jj in range(3):tempx=random_x+400*jjif tempx>self.end_of_map:tempx=random.random()*SCREEN_width/2posx.append(tempx)random_y = random.random() * self.top_of_map / 3random.shuffle(posx)  # 打乱顺序# print(posx)j=0# 转换文件来不及调用，时间问题？？？？？？tempcolorh = random.random()# print('color',tempcolorh)tempic = change_color_tmpic(Image.open("images/坦克2.png"), tempcolorh)tempfile = 'images/temp'+str(tempcolorh)+'.png'tempic.save(tempfile)for x in xsword:tank = Enemy_tank(tempfile, 0.5, posx[j], random_y)tank.word = xtank.hz = xsword[x]self.scene.add_sprite(LAYER_tanks, tank)j +=1if (os.path.exists(tempfile)):# 存在，则删除文件os.remove(tempfile)# 去掉已显示单词self.word_keys.remove(self.word_keys[0])# 增加子弹层self.scene.add_sprite_list_after(LAYER_bullet, 'wj')# 增加爆炸粒子列表self.scene.add_sprite_list_after(LAYER_explosions, 'wj')

1.3 代码分析

转换文件来不及调用，时间问题？？？？？？

        tempcolorh = random.random()# print('color',tempcolorh)tempic = change_color_tmpic(Image.open("images/坦克2.png"), tempcolorh)tempfile = 'images/temp'+str(tempcolorh)+'.png'tempic.save(tempfile)for x in xsword:tank = Enemy_tank(tempfile, 0.5, posx[j], random_y)tank.word = xtank.hz = xsword[x]self.scene.add_sprite(LAYER_tanks, tank)j +=1if (os.path.exists(tempfile)):# 存在，则删除文件os.remove(tempfile)# 去掉已显示单词self.word_keys.remove(self.word_keys[0])此用需要借助临时文件，再生成精灵，中间还遇到个问题，使用tempfile做为过度赋值，结果游戏敌人坦克不变色，最后通过每次生成文件名不同，可以实现效果。

2、第二种方法，通过sprite的texture直接赋值

2.1精灵的两种加载图片方式

通过查看sprite的类的定义原码，如下

class Sprite:"""Class that represents a 'sprite' on-screen. Most games center around sprites.For examples on how to use this class, see:https://api.arcade.academy/en/latest/examples/index.html#sprites:param str filename: Filename of an image that represents the sprite.:param float scale: Scale the image up or down. Scale of 1.0 is none.:param float image_x: X offset to sprite within sprite sheet.:param float image_y: Y offset to sprite within sprite sheet.:param float image_width: Width of the sprite:param float image_height: Height of the sprite:param float center_x: Location of the sprite:param float center_y: Location of the sprite:param bool flipped_horizontally: Mirror the sprite image. Flip left/right across vertical axis.:param bool flipped_vertically: Flip the image up/down across the horizontal axis.:param bool flipped_diagonally: Transpose the image, flip it across the diagonal.:param str hit_box_algorithm: One of None, 'None', 'Simple' or 'Detailed'.Defaults to 'Simple'. Use 'Simple' for the :data:`PhysicsEngineSimple`,:data:`PhysicsEnginePlatformer`and 'Detailed' for the :data:`PymunkPhysicsEngine`.:param Texture texture: Specify the texture directly. 直接指定纹理:param float angle: The initial rotation of the sprite in degreesThis will ignore all hit box and image size arguments... figure:: ../images/hit_box_algorithm_none.png:width: 40%hit_box_algorithm = "None".. figure:: ../images/hit_box_algorithm_simple.png:width: 55%hit_box_algorithm = "Simple".. figure:: ../images/hit_box_algorithm_detailed.png:width: 75%hit_box_algorithm = "Detailed":param float hit_box_detail: Float, defaults to 4.5. Used with 'Detailed' to hit boxAttributes::alpha: Transparency of sprite. 0 is invisible, 255 is opaque.:angle: Rotation angle in degrees. Sprites rotate counter-clock-wise.:radians: Rotation angle in radians. Sprites rotate counter-clock-wise.:bottom: Set/query the sprite location by using the bottom coordinate. \This will be the 'y' of the bottom of the sprite.:boundary_left: Used in movement. Left boundary of moving sprite.:boundary_right: Used in movement. Right boundary of moving sprite.:boundary_top: Used in movement. Top boundary of moving sprite.:boundary_bottom: Used in movement. Bottom boundary of moving sprite.:center_x: X location of the center of the sprite:center_y: Y location of the center of the sprite:change_x: Movement vector, in the x direction.:change_y: Movement vector, in the y direction.:change_angle: Change in rotation.:color: Color tint the sprite:collision_radius: Used as a fast-check to see if this item is close \enough to another item. If this check works, we do a slower more accurate check. \You probably don't want to use this field. Instead, set points in the \hit box.:cur_texture_index: Index of current texture being used.:guid: Unique identifier for the sprite. Useful when debugging.:height: Height of the sprite.:force: Force being applied to the sprite. Useful when used with Pymunk \for physics.:hit_box: Points, in relation to the center of the sprite, that are used \for collision detection. Arcade defaults to creating a hit box via the \'simple' hit box algorithm \that encompass the image. If you are creating a ramp or making better \hit-boxes, you can custom-set these.:left: Set/query the sprite location by using the left coordinate. This \will be the 'x' of the left of the sprite.:position: A list with the (x, y) of where the sprite is.:right: Set/query the sprite location by using the right coordinate. \This will be the 'y=x' of the right of the sprite.:sprite_lists: List of all the sprite lists this sprite is part of.:texture: :class:`arcade.Texture` class with the current texture. Setting a new texture does \**not** update the hit box of the sprite. This can be done with \``my_sprite.hit_box = my_sprite.texture.hit_box_points``. New textures will be centered \on the current center_x/center_y.:textures: List of textures associated with this sprite.:top: Set/query the sprite location by using the top coordinate. This \will be the 'y' of the top of the sprite.:scale: Scale the image up or down. Scale of 1.0 is original size, 0.5 \is 1/2 height and width.:velocity: Change in x, y expressed as a list. (0, 0) would be not moving.:width: Width of the spriteIt is common to over-ride the `update` method and provide mechanics onmovement or other sprite updates."""def __init__(self,filename: str = None,scale: float = 1,image_x: float = 0,image_y: float = 0,image_width: float = 0,image_height: float = 0,center_x: float = 0,center_y: float = 0,repeat_count_x: int = 1,  # Unusedrepeat_count_y: int = 1,  # Unusedflipped_horizontally: bool = False,flipped_vertically: bool = False,flipped_diagonally: bool = False,hit_box_algorithm: Optional[str] = "Simple",hit_box_detail: float = 4.5,texture: Texture = None,angle: float = 0,):""" Constructor """# Position, size and orientation propertiesself._width: float = 0.0self._height: float = 0.0self._scale: float = scaleself._position: Point = (center_x, center_y)self._angle = angleself.velocity = [0.0, 0.0]self.change_angle: float = 0.0# Hit box and collision propertyself._points: Optional[PointList] = Noneself._point_list_cache: Optional[PointList] = Noneself._hit_box_shape: Optional[ShapeElementList] = Noneself._hit_box_algorithm = hit_box_algorithmself._hit_box_detail = hit_box_detailself._collision_radius: Optional[float] = None# Colorself._color: RGB = (255, 255, 255)self._alpha: int = 255# Custom sprite propertiesself._properties: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None# Boundaries for moving platforms in tilemapsself.boundary_left: Optional[float] = Noneself.boundary_right: Optional[float] = Noneself.boundary_top: Optional[float] = Noneself.boundary_bottom: Optional[float] = None# Texture propertiesself._texture: Optional[Texture] = Noneself.textures: List[Texture] = []self.cur_texture_index: int = 0self.sprite_lists: List["SpriteList"] = []self.physics_engines: List[Any] = []self._sprite_list: Optional["SpriteList"] = None  # Used for Sprite.draw()# Pymunk specific propertiesself._pymunk: Optional[PyMunk] = Noneself.force = [0, 0]# Debug propertiesself.guid: Optional[str] = None# Sanity check valuesif image_width < 0:raise ValueError("Width of image can't be less than zero.")if image_height < 0:raise ValueError("Height entered is less than zero. Height must be a positive float.")if image_width == 0 and image_height != 0:raise ValueError("Width can't be zero.")if image_height == 0 and image_width != 0:raise ValueError("Height can't be zero.")if hit_box_algorithm not in ["Simple", "Detailed", "None", None]:raise ValueError("hit_box_algorithm must be 'Simple', 'Detailed', 'None' or None")if texture:self._texture = textureself._textures = [texture]self._width = self._texture.width * scaleself._height = self._texture.height * scaleelif filename is not None:self._texture = load_texture(filename,image_x,image_y,image_width,image_height,flipped_horizontally=flipped_horizontally,flipped_vertically=flipped_vertically,flipped_diagonally=flipped_diagonally,hit_box_algorithm=hit_box_algorithm,hit_box_detail=hit_box_detail,)self.textures = [self._texture]# Ignore the texture's scale and use oursself._width = self._texture.width * scaleself._height = self._texture.height * scaleif self._texture and not self._points:self._points = self._texture.hit_box_points

2.2 两种方式，上述类是一种以文件形赋值的 # 添加角色.

一以文件引用
image_source = “images/bird.png”
self.player_sprite = arcade.Sprite(image_source, CHARACTER_SCALING)
self.player_sprite.center_x = 64
self.player_sprite.center_y = 128
self.player_list.append(self.player_sprite)
二 以texture引用
# 添加角色.
# image_source = “images/bird.png”
texture = arcade.load_texture(f"images/bird.png")
# self.player_sprite = arcade.Sprite(image_source, CHARACTER_SCALING)
self.player_sprite = arcade.Sprite(texture=texture, scale=CHARACTER_SCALING)
self.player_sprite.center_x = 64
self.player_sprite.center_y = 128
self.player_list.append(self.player_sprite)

2.3 修改类

# 不调用文件，直接给texture给值
class Enemy_tank_pic(arcade.Sprite):def __init__(self, texture, scale, x, y, speed_to_player=0.2):super().__init__(texture=texture, scale=scale)self.center_x = xself.center_y = yself.word = 'book'self.hz = '书'self.life = 1  # 生命条数，即挨几颗子弹消失self.speed_to_player = speed_to_player  # 面向角色移动的速度def draw_word(self, x, y, fcolor=arcade.csscolor.WHITE_SMOKE, fsize=18, text=None):xs=fsizeif text:arcade.draw_rectangle_filled(x+len(self.word)*xs//2-10,y+5,len(text)*xs,30,(128,138,135))arcade.draw_text(text, x, y, fcolor, fsize)else:arcade.draw_rectangle_filled(x+len(self.word)*xs//2-10,y+5,len(self.word)*xs, 30,(128,138,135))arcade.draw_text(self.word, x, y, fcolor, fsize)def update(self):super().update()if self.speed_to_player:# 敌人向角色移动变量self.change_x = math.cos(self.angle) * 0.2self.change_y = math.sin(self.angle) * 0.2

2.4 调用第二种类的代码实现

            # 转换文件来不及调用，时间问题？？？？？？tempcolorh = random.random()tempic = change_color_tmpic(Image.open("images/坦克2.png"), tempcolorh)tempfile = 'images/temp.png'tempic.save(tempfile)texture = arcade.load_texture(tempfile)for x in xsword:tank = Enemy_tank_pic(texture, 0.5, posx[j], random_y)tank.word = xtank.hz = xsword[x]self.scene.add_sprite(LAYER_tanks, tank)j +=1# 去掉已显示单词self.word_keys.remove(self.word_keys[0])

问题一样存在
调整如下

            # 转换文件来不及调用，时间问题？？？？？？tempcolorh = random.random()tempic = change_color_tmpic(Image.open("images/坦克2.png"), tempcolorh)# tempfile = 'images/temp.png'# tempic.save(tempfile)# texture = arcade.load_texture(tempfile)for x in xsword:tank = Enemy_tank_pic(tempic, 0.5, posx[j], random_y)tank.word = xtank.hz = xsword[x]self.scene.add_sprite(LAYER_tanks, tank)j +=1# 去掉已显示单词self.word_keys.remove(self.word_keys[0])

出现问题：

  File "E:\pgame\arcadegame\tank.py", line 135, in __init__super().__init__(texture=texture, scale=scale)File "E:\pgame\venv\lib\site-packages\arcade\sprite.py", line 274, in __init__self._points = self._texture.hit_box_pointsFile "E:\pgame\venv\lib\site-packages\PIL\Image.py", line 548, in __getattr__raise AttributeError(name)
AttributeError: hit_box_points

源码获取

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