kobject和kset的简单总结

• kobject是struct kobject类型的对象。Kobject 有一个名字和一个引用计数。kobject 也有一个父指针（允许 kobjects 被安排到层次结构中），一个特定的类型，也许还有一个在 sysfs 虚拟文件系统中的表示。Kobject 本身通常并不有趣；相反，它们通常嵌入在一些其他结构中，其中包含代码真正感兴趣的内容。

• ktype是与 kobject 关联的类型。ktype 控制当一个 kobject 不再被引用时会发生什么，以及 kobject 在 sysfs 中的默认表示。

• kset是一组 kobjects，所有这些 kobjects 都嵌入在相同类型的结构中。kset 是 kobject 集合的基本容器类型。Ksets 包含它们自己的 kobjects，这是值得的。除其他外，这意味着一个 kobject 的父对象通常是包含它的 kset，尽管事情通常不必那样。当您看到充满条目的 sysfs 目录时，通常这些条目中的每一个都对应于同一 kset 中的一个 kobject。

• A subsystem是 kset的集合，它们共同构成内核的主要子部分。子系统通常对应于 sysfs 中的顶级目录。

struct  kobject {//目录抽象---基类const char		*name;struct list_head	entry;struct kobject		*parent;struct kset		*kset;//subsystem  or dirstruct kobj_type	*ktype;struct kernfs_node	*sd;//sysfsstruct kref		kref;//refcount
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_KOBJECT_RELEASEstruct delayed_work	release;
#endifunsigned int state_initialized:1;unsigned int state_in_sysfs:1;unsigned int state_add_uevent_sent:1;unsigned int state_remove_uevent_sent:1;unsigned int uevent_suppress:1;
};kobj_type代表Kobject（严格地讲，是包含了Kobject的数据结构）的属性操作集合（由于通用性，多个Kobject可能共用同一个属性操作集，因此把Ktype独立出来了）
struct   kobj_type {void (*release)(struct kobject *kobj);//kobject release func when kobject refcont is 0const struct sysfs_ops  *sysfs_ops;//目录的操作ops----》attribute中的对应的ops，也就是目录---》文件struct attribute  **default_attrs;//设置的默认属性 会被框架自动创建const struct kobj_ns_type_operations  *(*child_ns_type)(struct kobject *kobj);const void   *(*namespace)(struct kobject *kobj);
};
This structure is used to describe a particular type of kobject (or, more correctly, of containing object). 
Every kobject needs to have an associated kobj_type structure; a pointer to that structure must be specified when you
call kobject_init() or kobject_init_and_add().The release field in struct kobj_type is, of course, a pointer to the release() method for this type of kobject. The other two fields (sysfs_ops and default_attrs) control how objects of this type are represented in
sysfs; they are beyond the scope of this document.The default_attrs pointer is a list of default attributes that will be automatically created for any kobject that is registered with this ktypekset 与 kobj 都是目录，既然是目录，那么应该就是一个树状结构，每一个目录都将有一个父节点:在kset中使用kset.kobj->parent 指定，在kboject中使用  kobj->parent 指定kset 主要用途 是发送uevent和 创建同一类kobject。/*** struct kset - a set of kobjects of a specific type, belonging to a specific subsystem.** A kset defines a group of kobjects.  They can be individually  different "types" but overall these kobjects all want to be grouped* together and operated on in the same manner.  ksets are used to  define the attribute callbacks and other common events that happen to* a kobject.** @list: the list of all kobjects for this kset* @list_lock: a lock for iterating over the kobjects* @kobj: the embedded kobject for this kset (recursion, isn't it fun...)* @uevent_ops: the set of uevent operations for this kset.  These are* called whenever a kobject has something happen to it so that the kset* can add new environment variables, or filter out the uevents if so* desired.*/
struct   kset {// a group of kobjectsstruct list_head   list;//the list of all kobjects for this ksetspinlock_t   list_lock;struct kobject kobj;//基类，kset也是一种kobjconst struct kset_uevent_ops *uevent_ops;//some event to user space
};

kobject 注册函数

/*** kobject_init_and_add - initialize a kobject structure and add it to the kobject hierarchy* @kobj: pointer to the kobject to initialize* @ktype: pointer to the ktype for this kobject.* @parent: pointer to the parent of this kobject.* @fmt: the name of the kobject.** This function combines the call to kobject_init() and* kobject_add().  The same type of error handling after a call to* kobject_add() and kobject lifetime rules are the same here.*/
int kobject_init_and_add(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_type *ktype,struct kobject *parent, const char *fmt, ...)//ktype need init and set
{va_list args;int retval;kobject_init(kobj, ktype);//init,fill kobject structva_start(args, fmt);retval = kobject_add_varg(kobj, parent, fmt, args);va_end(args);return retval;
}

 kobject_add_varg--》kobject_add_internal

static int kobject_add_internal(struct kobject *kobj)
{int error = 0;struct kobject *parent;if (!kobj)return -ENOENT;if (!kobj->name || !kobj->name[0]) {WARN(1, "kobject: (%p): attempted to be registered with empty ""name!\n", kobj);return -EINVAL;}parent = kobject_get(kobj->parent);/* join kset if set, use it as parent if we do not already have one *//*如果当前object还没设置父对象, 则引用设置的kset对象为父对象,        如果设置了，则将其加入到其设置的kset集合中(将其挂载到kset的链表上)然后设置父对象，即初始化kobj->parent*/if (kobj->kset) { if (!parent)parent = kobject_get(&kobj->kset->kobj);kobj_kset_join(kobj);kobj->parent = parent;}pr_debug("kobject: '%s' (%p): %s: parent: '%s', set: '%s'\n",kobject_name(kobj), kobj, __func__,parent ? kobject_name(parent) : "",kobj->kset ? kobject_name(&kobj->kset->kobj) : "");error = create_dir(kobj);//creat and fillif (error) {kobj_kset_leave(kobj);kobject_put(parent);kobj->parent = NULL;/* be noisy on error issues */if (error == -EEXIST)WARN(1, "%s failed for %s with ""-EEXIST, don't try to register things with ""the same name in the same directory.\n",__func__, kobject_name(kobj));elseWARN(1, "%s failed for %s (error: %d parent: %s)\n",__func__, kobject_name(kobj), error,parent ? kobject_name(parent) : "'none'");} elsekobj->state_in_sysfs = 1;//normal is 1return error;
}

 creat_dir 部分注释

static int create_dir(struct kobject *kobj)//creat dir at sysfs
{const struct kobj_ns_type_operations *ops;int error;error = sysfs_create_dir_ns(kobj, kobject_namespace(kobj));//kobject-->sysfsif (error)return error;error = populate_dir(kobj);//有attr的话创建 attr file throught sysfsif (error) {sysfs_remove_dir(kobj);return error;}/** @kobj->sd may be deleted by an ancestor going away.  Hold an* extra reference so that it stays until @kobj is gone.*/sysfs_get(kobj->sd);/** If @kobj has ns_ops, its children need to be filtered based on* their namespace tags.  Enable namespace support on @kobj->sd.*/ops = kobj_child_ns_ops(kobj);if (ops) {BUG_ON(ops->type <= KOBJ_NS_TYPE_NONE);BUG_ON(ops->type >= KOBJ_NS_TYPES);BUG_ON(!kobj_ns_type_registered(ops->type));sysfs_enable_ns(kobj->sd);}return 0;
}

kset 注册过程

/*** kset_register - initialize and add a kset.* @k: kset.*/
int kset_register(struct kset *k)//first init,then add
{int err;if (!k)return -EINVAL;kset_init(k);err = kobject_add_internal(&k->kobj);if (err)return err;kobject_uevent(&k->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);//通过uevent机制通知用户空间return 0;
}

kobj、kset关系总结

kobj和kset并不是完全的父子关系。kset算是kobj的“接盘侠”，当kobj没有所属的parent时，才让kset来接盘当parent；如果连kset也没有，那该kobj属于顶层对象，其sysfs目录将位于/sys/下。正因为kobj和kset并不是完全的父子关系，因此在注册kobj时，将同时对parent及其所属的kset增加引用计数。若parent和kset为同一对象，则会对kset增加两次引用计数。

kset内部本身也包含一个kobj对象，在sysfs中也表现为目录；所不同的是，kset要承担kobj状态变动消息的发送任务。因此，首先kset会将所属的kobj组织在kset.list下，同时，通过uevent_ops在合适时候发送消息。

对于kobject_add()来说，它的输入信息是：kobj-parent、kobj-name，kobject_add()优先使用传入的parent作为kobj->parent；其次，使用kset作为kobj->parent。

kobj状态变动后，必须依靠所关联的kset来向用户空间发送消息；若无关联kset（该kobj向上组成的树中，任何成员都无所属的kset），则kobj无法发送用户消息。 

sysfs 文件打开，读，写过程代码总结